On The Paths of Waters, The Recovery of Yanomami Health

Abstract

Considering the variable of skin color or race in health information systems, infant mortality rates among indigenous people are higher than in the general population. More than 75% of deaths are due to preventable causes, reducible by preventive, diagnostic, or treatment actions. Diseases and complications linked to dehydration, malnutrition, and diarrhea stand out. This study aimed to analyze the quality of water from rivers, wells, and taps used for human consumption in the communities of Ariabú and Maturacá, in the Yanomami Indigenous Territory, Amazonia-Brazil. Fieldwork was conducted in January and September 2023, during which 26 points were sampled for water analysis. The parameters defined in Conama Resolution 357/2005 and in Portaria GM/MS 888/2021 were used. In the field, in situ measurements were taken with a multiparameter probe, and chlorine measurements were taken at the taps. In surface water sources, the following were observed: pH >6; average turbidity: 3.8 NTU, high real and apparent color, low nutrient concentration, average temperatures of 24°C, and low dissolved oxygen. In some points, coliform concentrations exceeded 2419.6 MPN/100ml. In drinking water, the following were observed: apparent color, elevated aluminum concentration, and high levels of iron. The evaluation of water bodies revealed that water for consumption presents physicochemical parameters within the limits established by legislation. Therefore, the high concentrations of fecal coliforms identified in the samples, associated with the preference for consuming river water by the local population, confirmed the close association between water insecurity and health status in the territories.