HEPATITIS IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON: A LITERATURE REVIEW/ Hepatite na Amazônia Legal: uma revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21170/geonorte.2018.V.9.N.33.01.015Resumo
Abstract: This paper examines the prevalence of hepatitis in the Brazilian Amazon and efforts to reduce the spread of the disease. Widespread hepatitis in areas along the Amazon continues to be a source of concern for Brazilian public health officials as it suggests low levels of sanitation and overall awareness of the disease. It is often difficult to obtain health data in the Brazilian Amazon because of the difficulty of accessing and assessing threat in these areas. A bibliometric review of hepatitis in the Brazilian Amazon reveals a paucity of data and research on the issue. As changes in the environment and climate will most likely lead to an increased disease burden amongst both rural and urban populations, there is a need for a comprehensive study on dynamics of hepatitis infection amongst Brazilians living in the Amazon region. Public health officials and government agencies must work together to obtain longitudinal data on hepatitis transmission.
Keywords: hepatitis, Brazilian Amazon, public health
Referências
References
ANDRADE, B. B.; SANTOS, C. J.; CAMARGO, L. M.; SOUZA-NETO, S. M.; REIS-FILHO, A.; CLARêNCIO, J.; BARRAL-NETTO, M. et al. Hepatitis B Infection Is Associated with Asymptomatic Malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS ONE, vol. 6(5), 2011.
BARCHFIELD, J. 'Medieval': Brazil's sewage system is comparable to London or Paris in the 14th century, 2015. from <http://www.businessinsider.com/medieval-brazils-sewage-system-is-comparable-to-london-or-paris-in-the-14th-century-2015-9>, Retrieved: April 11, 2017.
BAUCH, S. C.; BIREKNBACH, A. M.; PATTANAYAK, S. K.; SILLS, E. O. Public health impacts of ecosystem change in the Brazilian Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 112(24), p. 7414-7419, 2015.
BECKER, B. K. Undoing myths: the Amazon—an urbanized forest. In Brazilian Perspectives on Sustainable Development of the Amazon Region. vol. 15 (eds. Clu ̈sener -Godt, M. and Sachs, I.) UNESCO. P. 53–89, 1995.
BECKER, B. K. Revisa ̃o das pol ́ıticas de ocupac ̧a ̃o da Amazoˆnia: e ́ poss ́ıvel identificar modelos para projetar cena ́rios?, 2001.
BICUDO, C. E. M., TUNDISI, J. G., Scheuenstuhl, MCB. Águas do Brasil: análises estratégicas. São Paulo: 2010. Rio de Janeiro: Academia Brasileira de Ciências. Instituto de Botânica, 2010.
CDC TRAVELERS’ HEALTH. Health Information for Travelers to Brazil Traveler View, 2017. from <https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/brazil>, Retrieved: March 23, 2017.
CEDENO, K.; COLEMAN, C. Perspective | This floating medical clinic offers a lifeline for the indigenous poor of the Amazon, 2017. from <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-sight/wp/2017/04/14/this-floating-medical-clinic-offers-a-lifeline-for-the-indigenous-poor-of-the-amazon/?utm_term=.a2f0833cd968>, Retrieved: May 05, 2017.
FONSECA, J. C.; FERREIRA, L. C.; BRASIL, L. M.; CASTINHO, M. D.; MOSS, R.; BARONE, M. Fulminant Labrea Hepatitis - the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection: preliminary report. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, vol. 34(6), p. 609-612, 1992.
HANUS, J. S.; CERETTA, L. B.; SIMõES, P. W.; TUON, L. Incidence of hepatitis C in Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, vol. 48(6), p. 665-673, 2015.
CDC, Immunization Schedules, 2017. from <https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html>, Retrieved: May 04, 2017.
KRETZER, I.F.; LIVRAMENTO, A.; CUNHA, J. et al. Hepatitis C Worldwide and in Brazil: Silent Epidemic—Data on Disease including Incidence, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment, The Scientific World Journal, 2014.
MAGALHAES, F.; ROJAS, E. Facing the Challenges of Informal Settlements in Urban Centers: The Re-urbanization of Manaus, Brazil, 2007. from <http://www.iadb.org/wmsfiles/products/publications/documents/1442373.pdf/>, Retrieved: May 05, 2017.
MELLO, J. Vaccinations Required in Brazil, 2013. from <http://thebrazilbusiness.com/article/vaccinations-required-in-brazil>, Retrieved: May 05, 2017.
OSAVA, M. Zika Epidemic Offers Sanitation a Chance in Brazil, 2016. from <http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/02/zika-epidemic-offers-sanitation-a-chance-in-brazil/>, Retrieved: May 05, 2017.
PASSOS, A. M.; TREITINGER, A.; SPADA, C. Hepatitis B immunity and vaccination coverage among young adult males in the Air Force in South Brazil. Vaccine, vol. 29(49), p. 9284-9288, 2011.
PESSOA, M. G.; TERRAULT, N. A.; DETMER, J.; KOLBERG, J.; COLLINS, M.; HASSOBA, H. M.; WRIGHT, T. L. Quantitation of hepatitis G and C viruses in the liver: Evidence that hepatitis G virus is not hepatotropic. Hepatology, 27(3), p. 877-880, 1998.
PONZETTO, A.; FORZANI, B.; PARRAVICINI, P.P.; HELE, C.; ZANETTI, A. et al. Epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus infection. Eur J Epidemiol, 1, p. 257–263, 1985.
RESHETNYAK, V. I.; KARLOVICH, T. I.; ILCHENKO, L. U. Hepatitis G virus. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(30), 4725-4734. 2008
RIBEIRO, D. F.; CORREIA, B. R.; SOARES, A. K. F.; ROCHA, M. K. L.; ALVES, E. R. P.; ALBUQUERQUE, M. C. P. A. Educação em saúde: uma ferramenta para a prevenção e controle de parasitoses. Rev Univ Vale do Rio Verde, vol. 11, p. 300-310, 2014.
SOUTO, F. J.; FONTES, C. J.; MARTELLI, C. M.; TURCH, M. D.; MARTINS, R. M.; & Ana Lúcia S Sgambatti De Andrade. Hepatitis C virus prevalence among an immigrant community to the Southern Amazon, Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, vol. 94(6), p. 719-723, 1991.
TRATA BASIL, Situao Saneamento no Brasil. from <http://www.tratabrasil.org.br/saneamento-no-brasil>, Retrieved: April 25, 2017.
VIANA, S.; PARANá, R.; MOREIRA, R. C.; COMPRI, A. P.; MACEDO, V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol. 73, p. 808–814, 2005.
VITRAL, C. L.; SOUTO, F. J.; GASPAR, A. M. Changing epidemiology of hepatitis A in Brazil: reassessing immunization policy. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, vol. 15, p. 22-25, 2008.
VOS, T.; BARBER, R. M.; BELL, B.; BERTOZZI VILLA, A.; BIRYUKOV, S.; BOLLIGER, I.; CHARLSON, F.; DAVIS, A.; DEGENHARDT, L.; DICKER, D.; DUAN, L.; ERSKINE, H.; FEIGIN, V. L.; FERRARI, A. J.; FITZMAURICE, C.; FLEMING, T.; GRAETZ, N.; GUINOVART, C.; HAAGSMA, J.; HANSEN, G. M.; HANSON, S. W.; HEUTON, K. R.; HIGASHI, H.; KASSEBAUM, N.; KYU, H.; LAURIE, E.; LIANG, X.; LOFGREN, K.; LOZANO, R.; MACINTYRE, M. F. et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet, vol. 388, p. 1545–1602, 2016.
WHO. Factsheets - Hepatitis B, 2016. from <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/>, Retrieved: April 11, 2017
WHO. Know hepatitis - Act now. (n.d.). from <http://www.who.int/hepatitis/en/>, Retrieved April 11, 2017.
WHO 10 YEAR REVIEW. Viral hepatitis: a hidden killer gains visibility, 2017. from <http://www.who.int/publications/10-year-review/hepatitis/en>, Retrieved May 04, 2017.
WORLD BANK. Brazil: Water and Sanitation for Isolated Communities in the amazon, 2014. from <http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2014/09/29/brazil-water-and-sanitation-for-isolated-communities-in-the-amazon>, Retrieved: May 05, 2017.
ANDRADE, B. B.; SANTOS, C. J.; CAMARGO, L. M.; SOUZA-NETO, S. M.; REIS-FILHO, A.; CLARêNCIO, J.; BARRAL-NETTO, M. et al. Hepatitis B Infection Is Associated with Asymptomatic Malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS ONE, vol. 6(5), 2011.
BARCHFIELD, J. 'Medieval': Brazil's sewage system is comparable to London or Paris in the 14th century, 2015. from <http://www.businessinsider.com/medieval-brazils-sewage-system-is-comparable-to-london-or-paris-in-the-14th-century-2015-9>, Retrieved: April 11, 2017.
BAUCH, S. C.; BIREKNBACH, A. M.; PATTANAYAK, S. K.; SILLS, E. O. Public health impacts of ecosystem change in the Brazilian Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 112(24), p. 7414-7419, 2015.
BECKER, B. K. Undoing myths: the Amazon—an urbanized forest. In Brazilian Perspectives on Sustainable Development of the Amazon Region. vol. 15 (eds. Clu ̈sener -Godt, M. and Sachs, I.) UNESCO. P. 53–89, 1995.
BECKER, B. K. Revisa ̃o das pol ́ıticas de ocupac ̧a ̃o da Amazoˆnia: e ́ poss ́ıvel identificar modelos para projetar cena ́rios?, 2001.
BICUDO, C. E. M., TUNDISI, J. G., Scheuenstuhl, MCB. Águas do Brasil: análises estratégicas. São Paulo: 2010. Rio de Janeiro: Academia Brasileira de Ciências. Instituto de Botânica, 2010.
CDC TRAVELERS’ HEALTH. Health Information for Travelers to Brazil Traveler View, 2017. from <https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/brazil>, Retrieved: March 23, 2017.
CEDENO, K.; COLEMAN, C. Perspective | This floating medical clinic offers a lifeline for the indigenous poor of the Amazon, 2017. from <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-sight/wp/2017/04/14/this-floating-medical-clinic-offers-a-lifeline-for-the-indigenous-poor-of-the-amazon/?utm_term=.a2f0833cd968>, Retrieved: May 05, 2017.
FONSECA, J. C.; FERREIRA, L. C.; BRASIL, L. M.; CASTINHO, M. D.; MOSS, R.; BARONE, M. Fulminant Labrea Hepatitis - the role of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) infection: preliminary report. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, vol. 34(6), p. 609-612, 1992.
HANUS, J. S.; CERETTA, L. B.; SIMõES, P. W.; TUON, L. Incidence of hepatitis C in Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, vol. 48(6), p. 665-673, 2015.
CDC, Immunization Schedules, 2017. from <https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html>, Retrieved: May 04, 2017.
KRETZER, I.F.; LIVRAMENTO, A.; CUNHA, J. et al. Hepatitis C Worldwide and in Brazil: Silent Epidemic—Data on Disease including Incidence, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment, The Scientific World Journal, 2014.
MAGALHAES, F.; ROJAS, E. Facing the Challenges of Informal Settlements in Urban Centers: The Re-urbanization of Manaus, Brazil, 2007. from <http://www.iadb.org/wmsfiles/products/publications/documents/1442373.pdf/>, Retrieved: May 05, 2017.
MELLO, J. Vaccinations Required in Brazil, 2013. from <http://thebrazilbusiness.com/article/vaccinations-required-in-brazil>, Retrieved: May 05, 2017.
OSAVA, M. Zika Epidemic Offers Sanitation a Chance in Brazil, 2016. from <http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/02/zika-epidemic-offers-sanitation-a-chance-in-brazil/>, Retrieved: May 05, 2017.
PASSOS, A. M.; TREITINGER, A.; SPADA, C. Hepatitis B immunity and vaccination coverage among young adult males in the Air Force in South Brazil. Vaccine, vol. 29(49), p. 9284-9288, 2011.
PESSOA, M. G.; TERRAULT, N. A.; DETMER, J.; KOLBERG, J.; COLLINS, M.; HASSOBA, H. M.; WRIGHT, T. L. Quantitation of hepatitis G and C viruses in the liver: Evidence that hepatitis G virus is not hepatotropic. Hepatology, 27(3), p. 877-880, 1998.
PONZETTO, A.; FORZANI, B.; PARRAVICINI, P.P.; HELE, C.; ZANETTI, A. et al. Epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus infection. Eur J Epidemiol, 1, p. 257–263, 1985.
RESHETNYAK, V. I.; KARLOVICH, T. I.; ILCHENKO, L. U. Hepatitis G virus. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(30), 4725-4734. 2008
RIBEIRO, D. F.; CORREIA, B. R.; SOARES, A. K. F.; ROCHA, M. K. L.; ALVES, E. R. P.; ALBUQUERQUE, M. C. P. A. Educação em saúde: uma ferramenta para a prevenção e controle de parasitoses. Rev Univ Vale do Rio Verde, vol. 11, p. 300-310, 2014.
SOUTO, F. J.; FONTES, C. J.; MARTELLI, C. M.; TURCH, M. D.; MARTINS, R. M.; & Ana Lúcia S Sgambatti De Andrade. Hepatitis C virus prevalence among an immigrant community to the Southern Amazon, Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, vol. 94(6), p. 719-723, 1991.
TRATA BASIL, Situao Saneamento no Brasil. from <http://www.tratabrasil.org.br/saneamento-no-brasil>, Retrieved: April 25, 2017.
VIANA, S.; PARANá, R.; MOREIRA, R. C.; COMPRI, A. P.; MACEDO, V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol. 73, p. 808–814, 2005.
VITRAL, C. L.; SOUTO, F. J.; GASPAR, A. M. Changing epidemiology of hepatitis A in Brazil: reassessing immunization policy. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, vol. 15, p. 22-25, 2008.
VOS, T.; BARBER, R. M.; BELL, B.; BERTOZZI VILLA, A.; BIRYUKOV, S.; BOLLIGER, I.; CHARLSON, F.; DAVIS, A.; DEGENHARDT, L.; DICKER, D.; DUAN, L.; ERSKINE, H.; FEIGIN, V. L.; FERRARI, A. J.; FITZMAURICE, C.; FLEMING, T.; GRAETZ, N.; GUINOVART, C.; HAAGSMA, J.; HANSEN, G. M.; HANSON, S. W.; HEUTON, K. R.; HIGASHI, H.; KASSEBAUM, N.; KYU, H.; LAURIE, E.; LIANG, X.; LOFGREN, K.; LOZANO, R.; MACINTYRE, M. F. et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet, vol. 388, p. 1545–1602, 2016.
WHO. Factsheets - Hepatitis B, 2016. from <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/>, Retrieved: April 11, 2017
WHO. Know hepatitis - Act now. (n.d.). from <http://www.who.int/hepatitis/en/>, Retrieved April 11, 2017.
WHO 10 YEAR REVIEW. Viral hepatitis: a hidden killer gains visibility, 2017. from <http://www.who.int/publications/10-year-review/hepatitis/en>, Retrieved May 04, 2017.
WORLD BANK. Brazil: Water and Sanitation for Isolated Communities in the amazon, 2014. from <http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2014/09/29/brazil-water-and-sanitation-for-isolated-communities-in-the-amazon>, Retrieved: May 05, 2017.
Downloads
Publicado
2018-12-15
Como Citar
Jun, S. Y., & Schor, T. (2018). HEPATITIS IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON: A LITERATURE REVIEW/ Hepatite na Amazônia Legal: uma revisão de literatura. REVISTA GEONORTE, 9(33), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.21170/geonorte.2018.V.9.N.33.01.015
Edição
Seção
Revisão
Licença
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
