Diversidade e importância dos Macrofungos em Unidades de Conservação no Brasil: Uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa dos últimos nove anos (2015-2024)

Abstract

The preservation of biodiversity and natural resources is an increasing priority within the scientific community, particularly in light of the negative impacts caused by unsustainable consumption patterns and environmental changes. Protected Areas (PAs) are crucial for safeguarding ecosystems, species, and ecosystem services vital for human well-being. In this context, macrofungi play a critical role as decomposers of organic matter, essential for the health of ecosystems. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to analyze the diversity and importance of macrofungi in PAs in Brazil, through a literature review of the past nine years (2015-2024). The research was conducted via a descriptive and exploratory review, using platforms such as Google Scholar, SCIELO, and CAPES Journal Portal. Eighteen studies were selected, of which eight addressed the proposed theme regarding the diversity and importance of macrofungi in Brazilian PAs. The results indicate that the observed fungal diversity not only contributes to scientific knowledge but also has potential biotechnological applications. Macrofungi are essential for organic matter decomposition and plant symbiosis, playing important ecological roles. The preservation of PAs is crucial for maintaining these ecological functions and for promoting scientific research on biodiversity and ecological processes. Among the analyzed studies, T3, T4, and T8 stood out for providing comprehensive information on macrofungi diversity and their importance for conservation and biodiversity, especially in the Amazon. These studies highlight the relevance of macrofungi for ecosystem balance and future scientific research.