IMPLICACIONES DE LA ESQUIZOFRENIA EN LAS PERSONAS QUE LAS PADECEN

Abstract

Implications of schizophrenia in people who suffer from it

Abstract

The objective of the research is to describe schizophrenia, what are its diagnostic criteria and symptoms, the possible theories about its development and the forms of treatment that currently exist, addressing cognitive-behavioral psychological therapy that has proven to be effective when  time to address the positive and negative symptoms of the disorder.  Schizophrenia began to be studied under the name of "loss of reason" by Philippe Pinel in 1809, later it became "juvenile dementia" in 1814 by Étienne Esquirol who continued with the investigations of Philippe and Agustín Morel changed it to "precocious dementia  ”, While in 1908 Eugen Bleuler changed the name of precocious dementia to“ schizophrenia ”(Pachón-Basallo, Olarte-Afanador, López-López, & Santolaya-Ochando, 2013; Garrabé, 2009; Ortega, and Valencia,  2002) Schizophrenia has a significant impact on the world population, with more than 1% of people suffering from it, having implications of intellectual and social disability, inability to maintain or establish social and affective relationships, as well as having difficulty performing  basic activities, such as personal care (National Institute of Mental Health (NIH), 2015; American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V), 2014).  The symptoms of schizophrenia are classified as positive, negative and disorganized or cognitive, this classification of symptoms includes hallucinations, delusions, impairment of working memory, procedural, declarative, language problems, disorganized thinking, lack of body coordination and  socialization problems.  However, there is no single explanation for the unique origin of schizophrenia, since it is associated with various organic decompensations.  Finally, the treatment of schizophrenia is through antipsychotics and psychological therapy, the most effective has been cognitive-behavioral therapy (Zapata, Rangel, & García, 2015).

Keywords: schizophrenia, cognitive-behavioral disorder, neurocognitive