Complementary molecular and genetic analysis in the investigation of thyroid nodules: an integrative review of the literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60104/revhugv11036Keywords:
Molecular markers, thyroid nodules, personalized medicineAbstract
The use of genomic medicine in health presents itself as promising in the management of several diseases and this does not differ for the investigation of thyroid nodules, in which the use of this technology directs to diagnostic of more accurate conduct and prognosis, allowing to reduce, for example, the incidence of invasive procedures and potential complications to the patient, such as successive fine needle aspiration biopsies or surgery in benign cases. Therefore, it is known today that there is a multitude of molecular markers related to thyroid nodules, including gene panels patented by pharmaceutical companies, However, there is still a lack of review studies that seek to list the importance in the medical practice of each of these markers and the outcomes in patient management, especially from the perspective of diagnosis, conduct and prognosis. Thus, this literature review sought to elucidate the medical importance of molecular markers based on several studies available with a good sample size and related to the theme, indicating the molecular markers with the best evidence of being important for the management of the patient with thyroid nodules, which can contribute to support and encourage the application of genomic medicine through public policies, for example. Hence, in our review, significant differences were observed in relation to the commercially available genetic panels regarding their power of risk stratification and, moreover, when the molecular markers are analyzed individually, performance variables differed greatly in the studies, although BRAF mutations and the TERT promoter were quite related to malignancy, which leads to a joint approach of markers when performing the individualization of thyroid nodules of a patient, whether from the point of view of diagnosis, conduct and prognosis.
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