The Francis-Louden Mystical Orientation Scale (MOS):

Theoretical Assumptions, Psychometric Characteristics and Empirical Research of an Instrument for Measuring Mysticism

Resumo

The present study investigates the Mystical Orientation Scale (MOS), a psychometric instrument developed by Leslie J. Francis and Stephen Louden to measure mystical experiences. Grounded in classical theories of mysticism by authors such as William James and Frederick Crossfield Happold, MOS operationalizes mystical experiences into measurable constructs, providing a reliable framework for empirical studies in the psychology of religion. The article explores MOS's theoretical foundations, factorial structure, and psychometric properties, highlighting its validity and consistency in different cultural contexts. Despite its wide application in European and English-speaking countries, the study points to the absence of adaptations for Latin American populations, underscoring the need for future research that expands its cross-cultural applicability. MOS is a versatile instrument for exploring the relationship between mysticism and variables such as mental health, well-being, and religiosity. The present work advances the scientific understanding of mystical experiences in contemporary psychology by discussing the potential for scale adaptation. It launches a critical call for creating a version of this vital instrument in Brazilian Portuguese.