Sustentabilidade International Scie

Diversity, composition, distribution and similarity of hemiparasites (Loranthaceae and Santalaceae) in the Brazilian Amazon

2024-08-22T16:57:29+00:00

The occurrence of hemiparasites in an urban environment is a relevant factor to be monitored, because in imbalance, it compromises the architecture of trees and, because it proliferates easily, can compromise the entire afforestation program. In view of the above, the objective of this research was to perform analyses of hemiparasites (Loranthaceae and Santalaceae) occurring in the urban afforestation of the municipality of Macapá (AP), as well as in the natural ecosystems of the states that make up the Brazilian Amazon. The inventory of tree species was determined in arboreal individuals with ≥ 5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) and ≥1.30 m in height present in the afforestation of roads and public places in three neighborhoods (Jesus de Nazaré, Centro and Santa Inês) located in the city of Macapá, AP, Brazil. The similarity between environments (hemiparasites and tree species and hemiparasites and infested neighborhoods) was achieved using the Jaccard test. To analyze the similarity between the states that make up the legal Amazon, a survey of the existence of hemiparasites deposited in local herbaria and the occurrence data obtained from the literature review was carried out. Thus, nine bibliographic references were selected. For similarity analysis and multiple correspondence analysis, R software was used, and the Kernel Diagram was used to estimate the density of hemiparasite infestation. The Brazilian Amazon has 107 species of hemiparasites and, of these, the states of AM, PA and MT and the states of MA and TO have the greatest similarities between them. Andira inermis (W. Wright) Kunth ex DC., Ficus benjamina L., Terminalia catappa L. are the main host species of Passovia pedunculata (Jacq.), the main hemiparasite of the urban afforestation of Macapá (AP). The hemiparasites Oryctanthus florulentus (Rich.) Tiegh. and Psittacanthus acinarius (Mart.) Mart. exclusively infest Andira inermis in the urban afforestation of Macapá (AP). The distribution of the aggregated hemiparasites is probably directly related to the phylogenetic and ecological affinity and to the distribution of the hosts in the squares of Macapá (AP)

Diversity and Structure of Climbing Plants in an Urban Forest Fragment

2024-08-19T22:17:12+00:00

Climbers are herbaceous or woody plants that germinate in the soil and remain rooted throughout their lives, needing other plants to support their development. The aim of this study was to analyze the edge effect on the climbing plant community in the forest fragment of the Federal University of Amazonas. Fifty plots were set up for sampling. The species were grouped and phytosociological parameters were calculated. A total of 613 individuals were recorded, represented by 13 families found inside and on the edges of the UFAM forest fragment. The family with the highest ecological importance value (IV) was Fabaceae. The genera Bauhinia and Derris had the highest ecological importance values, both at the edge and in the interior of the forest. The scandent climbing mode was the most important and was observed in 56 species. This study confirmed the diversity of climbing plants. Although there were more climbing plants at the edge of the forest than in the interior due to the greater luminosity, the scandent climbing habit was abundant in both environments. Climbing plants are a part of the native vegetation of the forest fragment with their richness and diversity. Among other roles, climbing plants contribute ecologically by providing food and shelter for living organisms.

Allometric equations to estimate volume, biomass and carbon of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby in a commercial stand in southwestern Amazonia

2024-08-19T22:49:36+00:00

Forest plantations with tropical species lack allometric equations to estimate yield. This study aims to test allometric models for estimation of volume, biomass and carbon stock for stems of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum, a species with great potential for using in homogeneous stands. A plantation of S. parahyba was inventoried, rigorously cubed and wood disks with bark were collected to obtain the biomass and carbon stock of the stem. Allometric models were fitted using as independent variables diameter at 1.30 m from the ground, total height, basic wood density and carbon content. The biomass and carbon stock of the stand were 124 Mg ha-1 and 58 Mg C ha-1, respectively. The selected equations for volume estimation with and without bark were V=exp⁡(-9.600+0.937*ln⁡d^2 h) and V=exp⁡(-9.622+0.938*ln⁡d^2 h), respectively; for biomass. the selected equation was B=exp⁡(-9.566+0.936*lnd^2 h+1.014*lnρ). and to estimate carbon stock C=exp⁡(-9.797+0.937*lnd^2 h+1.026*lnρ+0.699*lnt). The allometric equations for volume, biomass and carbon stock fitted in this study can generate more accurate yield estimates for S. parahyba plantations in the Amazon region. Brazil’s commitment under the Paris Agreement to reforest 12 million hectares by 2030 makes improving estimates of volume, biomass and carbon a high priority.

Guarantee of Access to Land and Maintenance of the Amazon Forest: The Case of Extractive Reserves

2024-08-19T23:13:17+00:00

The creation of Protected Areas (PAs) has been a global strategy for the preservation and conservation of natural resources, increasingly threatened by human action. In Brazil, from the 1990s onwards, the incorporation of the sociocultural perspective into the creation of PAs was verified, through the creation of Sustainable Use Conservation Units, among them the Extractivist Reserves (Resex), a Protected Area category created from the struggle of traditional populations to guarantee the maintenance of their ways of life. Thus, we analyzed the dynamics of land use and cover of the territory in the five Resex in the state of Acre, Brazil, in order to verify whether the permanence of families living in these areas is associated with low rates of deforestation. Information on land use and cover classes from the MapBiomas Project was used for a multitemporal analysis of forest loss. The results show that the forested area represents 98.7% of the totality of these territories, in addition to revealing the absence of significant changes in the use and cover of these territories. Deforestation totaled 23.5 thousand hectares from the creation of the Resex until 2017, which represents only 0.8% of the total area analyzed. It was found that the Resex are effective for the conservation of the Amazon Forest, capable of reconciling the ways of life of the traditional populations that inhabit these territories with low rates of deforestation.

Socioeconomic inclusion of family farmers from Cooperative of Producers of the Branch of Banco, Amazonas

2024-08-19T23:31:50+00:00

Despite being a state with a large number of rural producers, in Amazonas, it is common that they do not have institutional assistance in the development of their activities. Faced with this scenario, agricultural cooperatives present themselves as an opportunity to mediate socioeconomic inclusion strategies for rural communities and their farmers. The objective of this work was to promote actions to strengthen the Mixed Cooperative of the Bank’s Branch Producers - COOMPRAB, located in the municipality of Rio Preto da Eva / Amazonas. A training course, a workshop, purchase tests were carried out at the AGROUFAM Fair and participant observation. The results were systematized and the discussion took place based on a bibliographic review. The actions carried out brought technical knowledge, which is considerably scarce in rural communities in Amazonas, so that farmers could use in their work routine alternatives to improve their production, to improve the use of available resources and add value to the products sold. In addition, the actions allowed the board and the members to observe the current scenario of the cooperative’s operation, creating a panorama from which they could identify the points that need to be improved in order to achieve full functioning and the collective objectives, providing better quality of service. life to families in the community.

Sustainable Development presupposes Science and Technology

2024-08-19T23:52:23+00:00

Despite the abundance of facts to show that the development of societies has always been intrinsically associated with the use of science and technology as an essential basis for any sustainable development, to date we have seen the defense of ideas metaphysic and antiscientific. This fact, if, on the one hand, evidences the very force of historical materialism to demonstrate that all phenomena are interconnected, interconnected, interdependent and, therefore, in constant movement, transformation and evolution, also highlights the need for permanent development of science and technology as the most appropriate tools depart to face these obscure ideas and provide the necessary subsidies for sustained development, even because development does not occur in a way that occurs rectilinear, which explains the temporal “resurgence” of obscure ideas. It is the expression of the dialectical principle that “the new denies the old man and the old man denies the new”, evidencing that such ideas, for the sake of truth, have always been latent in the different stages of our evolutionary process. Moreover, without the competition of science and technology, we will see a mere predatory economic growth, based on production conceptions, or the eternal process of subsistence advocated by the santuarist currents. The use of science and technology, therefore, is the basis for promoting effective sustainable development, based on the sustainable conception.